ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare mean post operative visual acuity of cataractous patients after extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation
Methods: 100 patients of more than 50 years of age attending the OPD of Department of ophthalmology, Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Sir Gangs Ram Hospital, Lahore from 1-12-2011 to 30-05-2012, were divided into two equal groups for the study. Group A was operated by phacoemulsification and group B was operated by extracapsular cataract extraction
Results: The visual acuity of operated eye was recorded on first postoperative day which showed improvement in both groups. Mean value of post operative visual acuity was 0.344+0.223 in group A and 0.510+0.287 in group B on log mar scale which is equivalent to 6/12 and 6/18 respectively on snellen chart
Conclusions: it was concluded that there is early post operative visual rehabilitation with phacoemulsification than extra capsular cataract extraction
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To determine the frequency of acceptable postoperative astigmatism following phacoemulsification with unsutured 6mm limbal lncision
Methods: 65 cataractous eyes of patients attending the outpatient department and admitted in . . were studied from 7 January 2010 to 16 June 2010 at Department of Ophthalmology, Fatima Jinnah Medical College/ Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. it was a descriptive case study. All patients under went phacoemulsification with sutureless 6 mm limbal incision and rigid PMMA intra ocular lens implantation. Preoperative and postoperative keratometry reading were taken and difference was presented as acceptable astigmatism if less than +/- 1 D. Acceptable astigmatism [Yes, No] presented as percentages and frequencies
Results: The mean postoperative astigmatism was 0.31D with SD of +/- 0.58 D. it was found to be acceptable astigmatism' In 57 patients [87. 7%] while 8 of patients [12.3%] were out of the range of acceptable astigmatism
Conclusion. Postoperative astigmatism after phacoemulsification with 6 mm sutureless limbal incision is within acceptable range and eliminates significant postoperative refractive error
ABSTRACT
Diabetic retinopathy is the optical complication that may lead to impaired vision. It is one of the most prevalent but preventable blinding disease. Its early diagnosis is prerequisite for the prevention of the visual loss and blindness associated with diabetic complication. To estimate frequency of eye examination and various types of retinopathy; and to find the association between diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors. The cross sectional study was conducted from Apr-Sep 2012 by PMRC Research Centre, FJMC, Lahore. Using non probability convenient sampling, eighty known type II diabetics were recruited. Venous blood was drawn for plasma glucose level [GOD-PAP] and glycosylated hemoglobin [Ion-Exchange Resin]. Arterial blood pressure was measured using digital apparatus [Oscillometric method]. Visual acuity was tested by Snellen's chart and dilated fundus examination was done to screen diabetic retinopathy. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS-20]. The study included 41% males and 59% females. Mean age was 51 +/- 9 [33-67] years. Diabetics who never screened for retinopathy were 54.3%; and who examined during last year as per IDF guidelines were 25.7%. The frequency of bilateral and unilateral NPDR was 22.5% and 5%, respectively. The occurrence of NPDR was slightly higher in left eye, whereas PDR was more prevalent in right eye. The visual acuity was equal or better than 6/12 in better eye of 80% study participants; and was 6/18-6/36 in better eye of 20% participants. DR was significantly associated with longer duration of diabetes [p-0.010], poorly controlled diabetes [p-0.044] and hypertension [p-0.006]. Odd ratios [95% CI] showed that duration of diabetes [>/= 20 years], glycosylated hemoglobin [>/= 7.5%,]Systolic blood pressure [>/= 140 mm/ Hg] and diastolic blood pressure [>/= 90 mm/Hg] had 3-5 times higher risk of retinopathy. Conclusion: Majority of patients were neither knew nor referred for eye examination. Strict control of diabetes and hypertension may prevent or delay diabetic retinopathy. Policy Message: Annual eye examination must be prescribed by the physician/ diabetologist. An education and awareness program for diabetics and community based survey is highly recommended
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Diabetes Complications , Eye , Vision Screening , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Objective: the objective of this study is to estimate the Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy energy level in milli joules [mJ] required to produce a clear visual axis in patients with posterior capsule opacification [PCO] in the Pakistani population
Material and Methods: 138 eyes of the patients who were operated for cataract by routine extracapsular cataract extraction ECCE or Phaco emulsification with intraocular lens implant were included in the study. All had posterior capsule opacification and were treated with Nd; YAG capsulotomy in the Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 1st January to 31st December 2011
Results: out of 138 eyes who were treated for PCO with Nd: yag laser the maximum energy required was in the range of 1.2 4.0 mJ in 92.1 % of the eyes and the no of shots were< 40 in 88.5 % of the patients eye which is considered to be a safe range thereby minimizing the complications rate
Conclusion: the Nd: YAG laser treatment is an effective technique to improve the hindered vision by PCO. It is not free from complications, so it is advised to be conscious of the extra damage to ocular tissues following Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. It is also suggested that energy level should be kept to a minimum level to avoid severe complications
ABSTRACT
To assess the results of open haemorrhoidectomy and rubber band ligation in terms of post operative pain and bleeding in 3rd degree haemorrhoids. A comparative study. Surgical unit Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, from July 2009 to June 2010. A total of 100 patients were included. These were randomly divided in two groups; A and B and each group had 50 patients. Group A patients underwent open haemorrhoidectomy while group B patients had rubber band ligation procedure. Post operative complications like pain and bleeding between the two groups were compared. Out of 50 patients in group A, 72% [n=36] had pain and 20% [n=10] had post operative bleeding, while in group B pain was present in 08% [n=4] and post operative bleeding in 04% [n=2] patients. P values for pain [0.007] and bleeding [0.04] were significant in favour of group B. Rubber band ligation is a safe and quick procedure. It is associated with less intensity postoperative pain and bleeding as compared to open haemorrhoidectomy
ABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of incidental carcinoma of the gallbladder in specimens following routine cholecystectomy. Descriptive case series. Department of Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, from February 2008 to January 2011. All patients with symptomatic gallstone disease of either gender having age range between 12-70 year were included. Patients with diagnosed gallbladder malignancy, gallbladder mass, empyema gallbladder and gallstones associated with obstructive jaundice were excluded. Following cholecystectomy all the specimens were sent for histopathological examination. Two hundred and sixty patients including 65 males and 195 females [M: F ratio 1:4] aged 12-70 year and having a mean age of 41.7 year [ +/- SD 2.4], were studied. Commonest presentations were pain right hypochondrium and a positive Murphy's sign [87.71%] followed by dyspepsia[55%], nausea, vomiting [40%], pyrexia [31.92%] and weight loss [05%]. Eleven [4.23%] patients had a diagnosis of malignancy of gallbladder at histopathology examination. Mean age for patients with malignancy was 55.25 year with a male to female ratio of 01:10. Well differentiated adenocarcinoma was reported in 45.45% cases, moderately differentiated in 36.36%, poorly differentiated in 09.09% and undifferentiated in 09.09% patients. Routine histopathology of gallbladder following cholecystectomy is helpful in early detection of carcinoma gallbladder
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the outcomes of inguinal hernia mesh repair under local anaesthesia as a day case surgery. Descriptive case series. Surgical unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, from September 2007 to August 2008. Patients having direct/indirect inguinal herniae of either side who underwent Lichtenstein repair under local anaesthesia as a day case procedure were included. Patients below 20 years of age were excluded. Similarly those patients having acute complications of hernia like obstruction and strangulation were also excluded. Patients were followed up in the OPD for 02 years and any positive findings noted during this time period, recorded. All 135 patients were male with mean age of 52.5 years [ +/- 2.4 years SD]. Fifty-eight [42.96%] patients had direct inguinal hernia [right side 35 cases and left side 23 cases]. Seventy-seven had indirect inguinal hernia [right side 45 cases and left side 32 cases]. Postoperative complications included urinary retention in 08 [5.93%] cases, seroma formation in 06 [4.44%], wound infection in 10 [7.41%], scrotal oedema in 07 [5.19%] and chronic neuralgic pain in 02 [1.48%] cases. Three [2.94%] patients developed recurrence during the follow up period. Inguinal hernia mesh repair can be performed safely and effectively under local anaesthesia with minimal postoperative complications and acceptable results
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Postoperative Complications , Herniorrhaphy , Anesthesia, Local , Urinary Retention , Seroma , Surgical Wound Infection , Wound Infection , Pain, Postoperative , Surgical MeshABSTRACT
To compare the therapeutic results of open haemorrhoidectomy with closed one in terms of post operative pain, bleeding and wound healing. This experimental study was carried out in the surgical unit, at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from March to August 2009. Fifty patients of 2[nd], 3[rd] and 4[th] degree haemorrhoids having no systemic illnesses were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided in two equal groups. Group A included patients undergoing open haemorrhoidectomy and group B catered for patient with closed haemorrhoidectomies. Post operatively these patients were followed up in the OPD for 02 months and were evaluated for post operative pain, bleeding and wound healing in addition to other complications like urinary retention and anal fissure. The mean age of the sample was 45.5 +/- 2.3 years. In group B, 08 [32%] patients had mild pain, 10 [40%] had moderate and 02 [08%] had sever pain post operatively as compared to 13 [52%] patients with mild, 11[44%] with moderate and 06 [24%] with severe pain in group A [p < 0.05]. Similarly early post operative bleeding was noted in 15 [60%] patients in group A and 06 [24%] patients in group B [p < 0.05]. Wound healing time was just over 02 weeks in group B as compared to more than 04 weeks in group A [p < 0.05]. Closed haemorrhoidectomy technique is much better than open technique for 2[nd], 3[rd] and 4[th] degree haemorrhoids